How does climate influence soil fertility?

Climate plays a crucial role in soil fertility primarily through its influence on the duration of the growing season, which in turn affects the contribution of organic material to the soil. Warmer temperatures and a longer growing season typically allow for more plant growth, resulting in greater amounts of organic matter that decompose and enrich the soil. This organic matter is important for soil health as it improves structure, moisture retention, and nutrient availability.

Additionally, the type of climate affects precipitation patterns, influencing how much water is available for plants and subsequently how much biomass they can produce. If the growing season is extended by a warmer climate, plants have more time to photosynthesize and grow, thereby enhancing their ability to contribute organic material to the soil when they die and decompose. This cycle is fundamental to maintaining and enhancing soil fertility.