What demographic trend is most likely to spur urban sprawl?

Population growth leading to suburban expansion is a significant factor contributing to urban sprawl. As urban areas become more populated due to an increase in residents, whether from migration or natural growth, the demand for housing and space rises. This pressure often leads to the expansion of suburbs, as cities become congested and housing costs in urban centers increase.

People may seek more affordable housing options and a better quality of life, which often includes more space, parks, and quieter surroundings typically found in suburban areas. This trend results in new developments away from the core of the city, leading to the outward spread of urban environments—commonly referred to as urban sprawl.

The other demographic trends mentioned, such as a reduction in rural job opportunities or decreasing birth rates in urban centers, typically do not directly encourage urban sprawl. Instead, they might suggest different population dynamics that could lead to slower urban growth or shifts rather than sprawl itself. Increased fertility rates in cities might also not contribute to sprawl as effectively; rather, they could lead to denser populations within urban centers. Thus, population growth specifically spurring suburban expansion directly identifies the mechanism driving urban sprawl.