What does the term "urban heat island effect" refer to?

The term "urban heat island effect" specifically refers to the significant warming of urban areas compared to their rural surroundings. This phenomenon occurs due to various factors such as the concentration of buildings, asphalt, and other infrastructure that absorb and retain heat. Urban areas tend to have less vegetation, which contributes to higher temperatures, as plants can cool the environment through processes like evapotranspiration.

Moreover, the design and materials used in urban construction—such as concrete and metal—typically retain heat more effectively than the natural environment found in rural areas. As a result, cities can experience temperatures that are several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, particularly during the day and night. Understanding this effect is crucial for urban planning, public health, and mitigating climate change.