What environmental issue is commonly associated with urbanization?

Urbanization often leads to the expansion of cities and towns, which typically involves the conversion of natural landscapes into residential, commercial, and industrial areas. This transformation tends to displace wildlife and destroy habitats that are crucial for various species. Consequently, as urban areas grow, the amount of available land for natural ecosystems diminishes, resulting in significant habitat loss. This loss can severely impact biodiversity, as many species are unable to adapt or relocate in time to survive. Urbanization can also fragment habitats, isolating animal populations and making it more challenging for them to thrive.

In contrast, the other options present scenarios that are generally not associated with urbanization. For example, urbanization usually decreases transportation options for some if development does not accommodate public or pedestrian transport systems. The idea of increased biodiversity contradicts the effects of habitat loss, as urban environments often lead to a decrease in species variety and numbers. Lastly, urban areas are typically characterized by higher pollution levels due to the concentration of vehicles, industries, and waste, rather than lower pollution levels. Thus, habitat loss stands out as a critical environmental issue directly related to urbanization.