Which of the following defines an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with their environment, which encompasses both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. This definition is comprehensive because it highlights not just the organisms present, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, but also the environmental factors such as water, soil, climate, and nutrients that influence their interactions.

The essence of an ecosystem lies in the intricate relationships between these living organisms and their surroundings, which help sustain life and promote biodiversity. These interactions can include food chains, symbiotic relationships, and the cycling of nutrients. Understanding an ecosystem involves recognizing how different species depend on one another and their physical environment for survival, growth, and reproduction.

By focusing solely on the community of living organisms and their environment, the correct definition encapsulates the dynamic nature of ecosystems as systems where both biotic and abiotic components function together. This perspective is critical for studying ecological balance and conservation efforts.